学校规模布局调整的最终目的是促进义务教育均衡发展，促进教育公平。自2005年以来，西部部分省份（如：西藏、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海），乃至全国范围内，城市初中和小学的在校生人数逐年增加；农村初中和小学的在校生人数逐年减少。2010年，全国城市、县镇和农村初中和小学大班额与超大班额比例较2009年有所下降。而宁夏城市和县镇的大班额（或超大班额）比例却逐年增长，且高于全国平均水平。本研究通过问卷调查法和访谈法，旨在了解不同规模学校的办学效益及存在问题，并针对问题提出调整宁夏义务教育阶段学校办学规模的建议及提高宁夏义务教育阶段办学效益的策略。

The ultimate purpose of school size and layout adjustment is to promote the balanced development of compulsory education and equity in education. Since 2005, the number of students in urban primary and secondary schools in the western part(eg: Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai) has increased year by year,while the number of which in rural schools is decreasing.This study analyzes the education effective of schools in different scales, talks about the problems in improving the effectiveness of compulsory education in Ningxia,and put fowards some strategies.