The ultimate purpose of school size and layout adjustment is to promote the balanced development of compulsory education and equity in education. Since 2005, the number of students in urban primary and secondary schools in the western part(eg: Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai) has increased year by year,while the number of which in rural schools is decreasing.This study analyzes the education effective of schools in different scales, talks about the problems in improving the effectiveness of compulsory education in Ningxia,and put fowards some strategies.