“科学能力计划”是美国罗格斯大学物理学与天文学教育研究小组在分析物理学科发展史、认知技能分类以及吸收相关科学教育工作者反馈意见的基础上提出学生经过物理课程学习后应具备的科学能力，构建了相应的测评框架用于测评学生的科学能力水平发展状况，采取形成性评价的方式让学生一同参与到评价之中从而提供给学生更多的学习机会，促进了学生科学能力的可持续发展。考察、分析这个计划，可以引发我们深入思考当下学业水平测评机制，对于建构符合我国实际的科学学科能力测评框架具有启迪价值。

"Science Abilities Project" was carried out by the Rutgers Physics and Astronomy Education Research group. In order to promote the sustainable development of the students' Science Abilities, the members of this group analyzed the history of the development of physics, classification of cognitive skills, and the feedback of science educators, proposed what kinds of abilities students who finished a physics course should have, constructed appropriate framework for evaluation of students' Science Abilities, provided more learning opportunities for the students who participated in the evaluation. This project leads us to consider the current academic evaluation mechanism deeply, and sheds us some valuable enlightenment on construction a realistic assessment framework of science abilities.