为了解西部山区离村上学儿童的学习生活情况、社会适应情况及其影响因素，我们抽样调查了四川省XW县XF苗族乡3-8年级中小学生468名，并对12个离村上学儿童、5个农村儿童父母以及5个乡镇中小学老师进行了半结构访谈。结果显示：离村上学儿童的生活适应、情感适应与非离村上学儿童相比差异不显著，而环境适应、学习适应、人际适应差异显著。教育资源贫乏、父母外出务工、教师频繁调动等是影响离村上学儿童社会适应的主要因素。对此，政府以及教育部门应予以关注，并采取有效的解决对策，使西部山区儿童能获得优质的教育资源。

In order to know the left-village children’s social adaptation, learning and living conditions and their influencing factors in the western mountains of China,we have attempted, by means of sample survey of 468 students in Grade 3 to Grade 8 in this areas. And interviewed with 12 left-village children, 5 parents and 5 rural school teachers. By the results, we have discovered that, there is no significant difference in life adaptation and emotional adaptation between the left-village children and the non-left-village children. However, there are significant differences in environmental adaptation, learning adaptation and interpersonal adaptation. We also have found that, there are many influencing factors for the left-village children’s social adaptation. First of all, there is a factor for the lack of educational resources. Second, their parents are forced to be migrant workers. Third, teachers mobilize frequently due to the poor working and living conditions. These issues should be given a high degree of concern by the education departments and government. And they should take some measures for left-village children's attainment of educational resources in western mountains of China.